Jacob Bogatin Patents Explained

Jacob Bogatin: Heathy Life Possible?

Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:46:01 -0400

According to Jacob Bogatin our health is the property of the whole society, which is impossible to assess. We wish each other good health, when we meet or say goodbye, because that is the foundation of a happy and fulfilling life. Good health provides us with a long and active life, contributes to the implementation of our plans to overcome difficulties, makes it possible to successfully meet life’s challenges. But experience shows that usually take care of your health people begin only after a disease will make itself felt. But you can prevent these diseases in the bud, you need only to live a healthy lifestyle.

It is clear and Jacob Bogatin strengthens that health is dependent not only on therapeutic and preventive measures, but also from the man himself. It is no accident more people devote their leisure time playing sports, tourism. At the same time holds an irresponsible attitude to their health: self-medication, non-elementary hygiene, smoking, alcohol abuse.

For sedentary comfortable lead in the home, the mechanization and automation in manufacturing, transport development, improved nutrition - to overeating.

Physical activity stimulates many vital body functions, and its weakening in dangerous violation. So do not ignore the morning exercise, you should try at least to go down the stairs instead of using the elevator, and go out of the city in days off. But the main thing as Jacob Bogatin suggests - to walk more.

Jacob Bogatin: About Robert Koch (the continuation)

Mon, 27 Jun 2011 06:43:51 -0400

Jacob Bogatin says that in 1871, Koch was discharged and was appointed district physician in Volshteyne. Soon after Koch discovered that in the assigned district is spread anthrax - a disease which spreads among cattle and sheep, the lungs, causes carbuncles on the skin and lymph node changes. After a surveillance anthrax bacteria through a microscope, he traced the entire life cycle of bacteria, saw one of the pathogenic bacillus having millions of the same. After a series of careful experiments, Koch found a bacterium that is the sole cause of anthrax.

According to Jacob Bogatin Koch proved that anthrax epidemiological features (ie, the relationship between the various factors that determine the frequency and geographical distribution of infectious disease) are caused by a cycle of this bacterium. Research Robert Koch first demonstrated the bacterial origin of this terrible disease, and his articles on anthrax published in the 1876-1877 years. with the assistance of a pathologist at the University of Julia Kongeyma Breslau. Koch has also published a description of their laboratory practices, including coloring led bacterial culture results and microphotography of its structure. Koch’s discoveries brought him fame, and in 1880 he became a government adviser in the department of health in Imperial Berlin. In 1881 Robert Koch published the paper “Methods of studying the pathogenic organisms,” which described a method of growing bacteria in solid media. Jacob Bogatin is sure that this method was important to isolate and study the pure bacterial cultures. While in Germany, died from tuberculosis every seventh person, and Koch decided to try to find the causative agent of tuberculosis. The scientist began to search hard. He investigated the tissue sections taken from patients who died of tuberculosis.

These sections were painted by various dyes, and examined them for hours under a microscope. Soon he was able to detect bacteria in the form of sticks, which are plated on nutrient medium (serum of animals) were given strong growth. Upon infection with these bacteria in guinea pigs developed tuberculosis. It was a sensation!

Look great and feel good too

Sun, 05 Jun 2011 00:00:00 -0400

Nowadays people want to look chic and healthy. That is why many of them choose high quality products to ensure there are no problems with their veins and the way their feet look. Nowadays if you want to look good you can check out ny-4-vein blood clots treatments which can be very helpful for you in the future and will make you look your best and make the most of your time and age. It is essential to have a healthy lifestyle and make sure you hire a good Vibramax fitness trainer who can help you do a routine that suits your type of body and your age. It is very important to understand that by having a great diet and following a healthy regime you can feel good and stay beautiful for longer. That is why it is very important for you to make the most of your time and be happy. It is essential to understand what is going on in the market so research well and have fun.

Jacob Bogatin: Dead Sea Baths

Sun, 29 Aug 2010 06:39:57 -0400

According to Jacob Bogatin baths with a high content of salt treatment used to treat diseases of the joints. Treatment of salt effective to treat diseases such as arthrosis, arthritis, including psoriatic polyarthritis, chronic rheumatism, and osteochondrosis of spondyloarthritis.

Just such baths are effective for treatment of skin diseases such as psoriasis, diathesis, neurodermatitis, eczema, vitiligo. For therapeutic bath salt should be dissolved at the rate of 500-1000 g of salt per 100 liters of water, then add the warm water bath and bring the water temperature to 37-38 ° C (for the treatment of joints and can be a bit hot). Take a salt bath for 20-25 minutes. After the procedure, take a warm shower without soap and rest, covered with a blanket at least 30 minutes.

Jacob Bogatin recommends to take baths every other day. The course is 10-15 procedures. It is recommended to combine it with mud therapy. Contraindications: pregnancy, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms. Saline cool off: Dissolve 100-300 g salt in 10 liters of water, and occasionally a soft sponge soaking in a solution of salt, rub the body within 10-15 minutes. Then rinse with warm water.

The effect of this procedure is similar to the effect of salt baths and has no contraindications.

In recent years, salt and Dead Sea mud fairly well represented in the market of cosmetic products and products for health and become available for people around the world. Jacob Bogatin assures that the use of salt and Dead Sea mud in the home provides an opportunity to experience staying at the Dead Sea without leaving home.

Jacob Bogatin: Rabbits' diseases treatment

Thu, 26 Aug 2010 06:50:42 -0400

Diseases of the non-contagious origin. According to Jacob Bogatin the most frequent diseases of rabbits are gastro-intestinal. If young rabbits 20 to 30 days of age do not have enough breast milk, they gradually begin to eat roughage, intended for the mother.

On the delicate mucous membranes of the digestive organs are formed lesions, there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The same disease may occur in adult rabbits by eating poor-quality feed, a large number of legumes, with filthy animals.

Symptoms of the disease - part of the selection of soft or liquid stools covered with mucus, flatulence or stomach, lack of bowel movements. Often constipation is replaced by diarrhea. The general condition of the animal distress, decreases and then disappears and appetite. When swelling rabbit often dies within 2-3 days. Treatment Rabbits 12-20 hours kept on starvation diet and then gradually begin to make fresh, soft food (preferably stewed feed mixed with boiled potatoes) and the following treatment: when locked inside give 3-5 g of Glauber’s salt or Carlsbad or 1-1,5 teaspoon of castor oil, rubbing his stomach 5-percent solution of salt (1 teaspoon in a glass of water), put an enema of warm, slightly soapy water, releasing the patient to run a rabbit. After the rabbit releases, give him an oatmeal broth, red carrots, with flatulence (timpani) give the inside of 5-8 ml of 10 per cent solution ihtiola, gently rubbing her stomach, released from the cells, with diarrhea, 1-2 times a day given by mouth chloromycetin (in 0,1 g) and the decoction of oak bark (1-2 teaspoons). From succulent fodder yield only a small amount of carrots and herbs.

Jacob Bogatin says that during summer give some good, soft hay. If the diarrhea appeared in rabbits, we must take one tablet of chloromycetin (0,5 g), diluted in 2 liters of lukewarm water and clean solder this solution was sick young rabbits twice a day, filling their mouths with two teaspoons (morning and evening) . On the day of chloromycetin solution is poured into troughs. Typically, the second or third day of treatment diarrhea stops. Rather frequent diseases, especially in overcrowded content of rabbits, with faults in the cells are bruises, wounds, fractures. In minor injuries, painful swelling of the bruised places usually disappears within a few days. If you hurt yourself when disturbed integrity of the skin, formed wounds. Shallow wounds smeared with iodine, while the animal usually recovers. In deep wounds, especially penetrating into the chest or abdomen, the rabbits often die. Such rabbits need just to kill.

Jacob Bogatin considers that treatment appropriate to carry out, if the rabbit is very valuable. If you hit a rabbit’s feet in the slot or bumps may be fractures. Despite the fact that the rabbit with a fracture may live longer, to treat it economically makes no sense. When spinal injury treatment is useless, the rabbit must be killed.

J.Bogatin: Good and Bad Mold

Sat, 01 May 2010 04:48:03 -0400

Mold good and bad

According to Jacob Bogatin mold can be absolutely different. There is a bad mold. It can destroy even concrete, a brick and plaster. It flies in air and spoils foodstuffs. And, the mold which appears on meal without our participation does not contain some penicillin and has no useful properties. The use molded products is fraught with a poisoning. The mold can cause undue fatigability, headaches, dermatological and pulmonary diseases. That is why Jacob Bogatin warns us about the expiry date of all the foodstuffs as well as special conditions of their storage. As, often the mold is allergen that it is necessary to remember for allergic persons even at the use of a good mold. And still remember, that the mold does not like dryness and cleanliness.

Existence of a good mold too is known to all. The grey decay spoiling the Russian strawberry, in France is used for preparation of wines and is called as “a noble mold”. By means of a blue mould they do marble or blue cheeses - the Roquefort cheese, Stilton, Gorgozola. And the white mold impacts specific relish and aroma to camembert cheeses and Bry cheese.

Where it is possible to meet with mold that is unsafe for health?

— Antique shops

— Hothouses and flower shops

— Pools, saunas, baths

— Summer country houses

Jacob Bogatin suggests that there are some forms of a mold that appear to be toxic. As a result of the ability to live the mold allocates mycotic toxins which can influence our respiratory ways. Though the certain proof to it is not present and the given question is now being studied.

J.Bogatin: Mushroom poisoning

Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:47:26 -0400

In Russia the mushroom season and as usually doctors prepare for a meeting with fans of “silent hunting” on the sly begins. As experience of our people in gathering of a wood delicacy is not great, and the first poisoned already have occupied cots in medical hospitals. Jacob Bogatin asks: As all the same to secure itself against a mushroom poisoning?

Generally speaking, problems with a stomach can arise and at the use is perfect edible fungi, but to confuse them to poisonings is not always the right way.

Mushrooms are a heavy food. Many of them contain useful substances, but the chitinous cover is badly digested in a gastroenteric path, therefore at the people, suffering a gastritis and small children simply do not cope with such a food.

From here a pain in a stomach, a nausea, a liquid chair may arise. It not a poisoning as that, and bad shipping of a product. Jacob Bogatin stresses that to children of three-five years is it not recommended to give mushrooms at all as their gastroenteric path is simply not ready to digestion such food.

Various frustration from digestion can cause and old, overripe mushrooms, in which as in any old organism, own products of an exchange collect.

Wrong culinary processing or storage of edible fungi gives open space to microbes (for example, salmonellas). If the person has fried mushrooms and has put them not in a freezer, and has left on a table, that, having eaten them, he can suffer then from salmonellosis or other intestinal infection.

National “legends” on mushrooms-mutants, according to the head of the information-advisory toxicological centre, the candidate of medical sciences Jury Ostapenko and Jacob Bogatin are no more than myths. Actually «it not mushrooms that mutate, and people who collected them, do not know, that in the nature there are mushrooms-doubles (false white, false honey agarics), or simply are not able to distinguish them from the edible.

There is an opinion that mushrooms accumulate in themselves external toxins (heavy metals etc.). However toxicological danger of such mushrooms rather also is rather conditional. In one mushroom so small quantity of lead or any other metals contains, that all that poison which can incorporate a mushroom, is incapable to cause a poisoning.

Jacob Bogatin about Stress Types

Fri, 18 Dec 2009 02:06:07 -0500

Jacob Bogatin thinks that stress in the family includes all difficulties on maintenance of a family and relations in it – work about the house, matrimonial problems, conflicts between generations, a life with youth illness and death in a family, an alcoholism, divorce, etc.

The working stress is usually connected with much work assigned to you, absence of self-checking behind result of work, role uncertainty and the role conflict. Bad maintenance of safety of work, unfair estimations of work, infringement of its organisation can become a stress source.

Jacob Bogatin says that the public stress concerns problems which can be applied to the big groups of people, - for example, economic recession, poverty, bankruptcy, racial pressure and discrimination worry.

The ecological stress is caused by influence of extreme conditions of environment, expectation of such influence or its consequences – air pollution and waters, severe weather conditions, spiteful neighbours, a crush, high noise level, etc.

The financial stress does not demand explanations. For sure, Jacob Bogatin even stresses it that impossibility to pay the bills, inability to maintain expenses with incomes, difficulties in debt reception, discrepancy of a wage level to results of work, occurrence of additional and financially poor expenses, these and other circumstances can be the stress reason.

The intrapersonal stress deserves detailed consideration not only because not enough attention is given to it according to Jacob Bogatin but also because it can be projected on various vital events was paid to it and influence features of the relation to them and behaviour of the individual.

Hypertension - the disease of the 21st century!

Fri, 13 Mar 2009 04:12:29 -0400

High arterial pressure (hypertension) - one of the most widespread diseases. Almost every tenth person at adult age to some extent suffers from a high pressure. The hypertension can not be shown long enough time, but its destructive action will affect you all period of its “silence”. The High pressure will be long and to attack persistently cardiovascular system while, at last, will not declare itself a stenocardia attack, a heart attack, blindness or various damages of other vital bodies.

Now there is a bulk of medicines which effectively reduce a high pressure and are capable to keep it in admissible borders. Medical treatment will help you to continue to live a normal life, but with some restrictions which, alas, can not be avoided.

Further we will talk about a hypertension and high pressure in more details. Our aim is to inform you about such a disease as hypertension.

What is the hypertension?

According to Bogatin Jacob hypertension designates an increase of arterial pressure which has a regular character. Pressure raises when there is a narrowing of arteries. Arteries are similar to water channels which feed the earth and connect the seas. Only in a human body they are filled by blood which circulates between heart and other bodies. Arterioles can be narrowed at first because of periodic spasms, and further already to be forever narrowed because of thickenings of vascular walls. Our heart aspires to overcome “bottlenecks” and to deliver the necessary volume of blood there where it is necessary. For this purpose heart increases force of the work and pushes out in a vascular channel a considerably increased quantity of blood. It also is preconditions of the beginning of development of a hypertension – the strengthened blood-groove involving increased force of pressure upon walls of vessels.

Sometimes, approximately in one of ten cases, the high pressure can become a consequence of infringement of work of any one body. Such hypertension name secondary or symptomatic. However in most cases the hypertension has primary character that is called essential hypertension. And though the reasons of occurrence of a primary hypertension thoroughly are not studied, no doubts should cause the following: the high pressure if it not to treat is a direct threat to health and human life. The most widespread complications of a hypertension are infringements of work of kidneys, a brain and heart.

But Bogatin Jacob says that now in doctors’ disposal there is a considerable quantity of reliable and effective methods of struggle against a high pressure and preventive maintenance of occurrence of complications. The main thing that you have addressed in time to the doctor and accurately followed its instructions.

You must know!

At one of five adults arterial pressure above norm (12080). But know about it no more half. And no more than half from them are treated duly. The overwhelming majority of people believes, that the need in treatment is not present, if the high pressure does not prevent to live it. However refusal of hypertension treatment is a walk on a razor-edge: never you know, when you will stumble!

Rare earth element-metal-hydrogen-boron permanent magnet

Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:37:00 -0400

Jacob Bogatin
Document Type and Number: United States Patent 5567891

Abstract:

A permanent magnet is provided which is comprised of, by atomic percent: 10-24% R; 2-28% boron, 0.1-18.12% hydrogen; and balance being M. R is at least one element selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc, and M is at least one metal selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Li, Be, Mg, Rs, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga Ge, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi. A process for producing the rare earth element-metal-hydrogen boron magnets is also disclosed wherein the magnetic materials are treated in an atmosphere having partial pressures of hydrogen containing gas at temperatures below the phase transformation temperature of the rare earth element-metal hydrides prior to sintering.
Jacob Bogatin
Description:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to magnetic materials and, more particularly, to rare earth element-containing powders and permanent magnets which contain hydrogen, and a process for producing the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION BY JACOB BOGATIN

Permanent magnet materials currently in use include alnico, hard ferrite and rare earth element-cobalt magnets. Recently, new magnetic materials have been introduced containing iron, various rare earth elements and boron. Such magnets have been prepared from melt quenched ribbons and also by the powder metallurgy technique of compacting and sintering, which was previously employed to produce samarium cobalt magnets.

Suggestions in the prior art for rare earth element permanent magnets and processes for producing the same include: U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,938. Matsuura et al. which discloses a process for producing permanent magnet materials of the Fe-B-R type by: preparing a metallic powder having a mean particle size of 0.3-80 microns and a composition consisting essentially of, in atomic percent, 8-30% R representing at least one of the rare earth elements inclusive of Y, 2 to 28% B and the balance Fe; compacting and sintering the resultant body at a temperature of 900°-1200° C. in a reducing or non-oxidizing atmosphere. Co up to 50 atomic percent may be present. Additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Bb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf) may be present. The process is applicable for anisotropic an isotropic magnet materials. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,406, Matsuura et al., discloses a certain sintered permanent magnet material of the Fe-B-R type, which is prepared by the aforesaid process.

Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,601,875, Yamamoto et al. teaches permanent magnet materials of the Fe-B-R type produced by: preparing a metallic powder having a mean particle size of 0.3-80 microns and a composition of, in atomic percent, 8-30% R representing at least one of the rare earth elements inclusive of Y, 2-28% B and the balance Fe; compacting: sintering at a temperature of 900°-1200° C.; and, thereafter, subjecting the sintered bodies to heat treatment at a temperature lying between the sintering temperature and 350° C. Co and additional elements M (Ti, Ni, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Al, Sb, Ge, Sn, Zr, Hf) may be present. Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,931, Croat, discloses an alloy with hard magnetic properties having the basic formula RE ₁-x (TM ₁-y B _y) _x. In this formula, RE represents one or more rare earth elements including scandium and yttrium in Group IIIA of the periodic table and the elements from atomic number 57 (lanthanum) through 71 (lutetium). TM in this formula represents a transition metal taken from the group consisting of iron or iron mixed with cobalt, or iron and small amounts of other metals such as nickel, chromium or manganese.

Another example of a rare earth element-iron-boron and rare earth element-iron-boron hydride magnetic materials is presented in U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,066 to Fruchart et al. The Fruchart et al. patent teaches a new hydrogen containing alloy which contains H in an amount ranging from 0.1-5 atomic percent. The alloy of Fruchart et al. is prepared by a process wherein the rare earth element-iron-boron compound at room temperature is hydrogenated under a hydrogen pressure above 10 bar (10×10 ⁵Pa) and below 500 bar (500×10 ⁵Pa). Following the hydrogenation process, the compound is subjected to a dehydrogenation cycle by subjecting it to temperatures ranging from 150° C. to 600° C., whereby all of the hydrogen is removed.

Still another example of a rare earth element-iron-boron magnetic material is presented in U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,439 to Narasimhan et al., which describes a permanent magnet material of rare earth element-iron-boron composition along with 6,000-35,000 ppm oxygen.

However, prior art attempts to manufacture permanent magnets containing rare earth element-iron-boron compositions utilizing powder metallurgy technology have suffered from substantial shortcomings. In particular, these inventions teach that the rare earth element-iron-boron magnetic material has a very high selectivity to hydrogen. As a result, in commercial applications, hydrogen which is present in a normally humid atmosphere is easily absorbed by the magnet alloy and causes the disintegration thereof.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

With regard to the above shortcomings which have heretofore been apparent when rare earth element-iron-boron alloys are subjected to hydrogenating conditions, it is an object of the present invention to provide a permanent magnet of the type comprising a rare earth element-metal (e.g.,iron)-hydrogen-boron alloy which has high magnetic properties and elevated corrosion resistance. It is a further object of the invention to provide a process for preparing permanent magnets by treating a rare earth element-metal-boron material, such as an alloy, powder, green compact or permanent magnet material, in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature below the phase transformation temperatures of the rare earth element-metal hydrides, including temperatures below room temperature.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A permanent magnet is provided which is comprised of, atomic percent: 10-24% R; 2-28% boron; 0.1-18.12% hydrogen; and balance being M. R is at least one element selected from group consisting of: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc, and M is at least one metal selected from group consisting of: Fe, Co, Ni, Li, Be, Mg, As Aa, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga Ge, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sb, Te, Hf HF, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi. The magnets produced according to the invention are permanent magnets containing from 0.1 to 18.12 atomic percent hydrogen and have high magnetic properties, e.g., residual induction (Br) up to 14.7 kG and maximum energy product (BHmax) up to 52.5 MGOe. In addition, the permanent magnets according to this invention have elevated corrosion resistance.

In the preferred process for forming the rare earth element-metal-hydrogen-boron magnets of the invention, one of the rare earth elements or a combination thereof, the metal and boron, as either the alloy, the powder form, green compact or as permanent magnet material, are first compacted, if that has not already been done. The compacted sample is heated to at least the temperature necessary to achieve complete outgassing of the sample and is maintained in a high vacuum until outgassing is completed. Thereafter, a partial pressure of hydrogen-containing gas is applied to the sample and the sample is heated in the hydrogen atmosphere to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the metal hydride and held at that temperature for the time necessary to saturate the sample with hydrogen and achieve the necessary atomic percent of hydrogen in the sample. At the end of this heating, the hydrogen is replaced with argon, and the sample is thereafter heated again to the sintering temperature for the time necessary to achieve the required density of the magnet. Following the sintering, the resultant magnet is treated at 300° C. to 900° C. for approximately three hours in a partial pressure of argon, whereupon the formation and treatment process is completed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT BY JACOB BOGATIN

Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of the instant invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description. In particular, this invention relates to permanent magnets of the rare earth element-metal-hydrogen-boron type. These magnets have been shown to have increased magnetic properties as well as increased corrosion resistance.

In the preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is comprised of 10-24 atomic percent of at least one rare earth element; 2-28 atomic percent boron; 0.1-18.12 atomic percent hydrogen, with the remaining balance being at least one metal. The rare earth element (R) includes at least one element selected from La Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc or a combination thereof. The metal (M) includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Fe, Co, Ni, Li, Be, Mg, As, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga Ge, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi, and is preferably iron.

The introduction of a selected amount of hydrogen into the rare earth element-metal-boron crystal lattice forms a chemical composition of rare earth element and metal hydrides which results in the formation of the specific structure conditions in grain boundaries that lead to the nucleating and growth of the magnetic properties. The availability of hydrogen diffused within the crystal lattice of the material makes it possible to reduce the number of impurities and their harmful effects, thus resulting in high corrosion resistance.

Permanent magnets comprising at least one of the rare earth elements, at least one metal, hydrogen and boron have levels of magnetic properties which would not exist without the inclusion of hydrogen. The inclusion of hydrogen in the selected amounts disclosed herein has increased the level of magnetic properties, particularly the residual induction and maximum energy product, which have been shown to be as high as 14.7 kG and 52.5 MGOe, respectively. Furthermore the permanent magnets have shown increased corrosion resistance; for example, after treatment one of the permanent magnets prepared according to the present invention in 95% relative humidity for 500 hours at 85° C., the weight gain was less than 0.0008 g/cm ².

The permanent magnets according to the present invention also have been shown to have good workability or formability, which makes it possible to manufacture extremely small magnets in the range of 0.5 mm with good results. This must be compared with the usual workability of such magnets without the inclusion of the hydrogen component which are usually extremely brittle and difficult to shape into such small sizes. Magnets according to the present invention are far less brittle and are more easily shaped into these desired smaller sizes.

In the preferred process for forming the rare earth element-metal-hydrogen-boron magnets of the invention, the compounds are prepared as follows. The rare earth element or a combination thereof, the metal (or a combination thereof) and boron (provided as either the alloy, a powder, a green compact or as a permanent magnet) are first compacted, if that has not already been achieved. The compacted sample is heated in a vacuum to the temperature necessary to obtain complete outgassing of the sample. In this instance, the sample is heated to 200° C. and held for 45 minutes in a vacuum at 10 ^-6Torr. Thereafter, a partial pressure of hydrogen containing gas is applied to the sample and the sample is heated in the hydrogen containing gas to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the metal hydride for the time necessary to saturate the sample with hydrogen, i.e., achieve the necessary atomic percent of hydrogen in the sample. (As will be shown, the magnetic properties of the resultant magnet can be varied with the atomic percent of hydrogen obtained in the sample as a result of varying the partial pressure of the hydrogen containing gas.) In the present invention, it is preferred to heat the sample to 950° C. and hold it for 30 minutes in the partial pressure hydrogen environment. At the end of the 30 minutes, the hydrogen is replaced with argon (preferably 5” Hg) and the sample is heated to the sintering temperature for the time necessary to obtain the required density in the finished magnet product. In the present embodiment, the sample is subjected to the argon at 5” Hg and sintered at 1090° C. for three more hours. Following the sintering, the resultant magnet is heat treated at temperatures between 300° C. and 900° C. for up to three hours in a partial pressure of argon. In the preferred embodiment, the sintered magnet is treated at 900° C. for 1 hour and at 650° C. for two additional hours in a partial pressure of argon of 1” Hg. At the end of this final heat treatment step, the permanent magnet formation and treatment is complete.

The following examples were prepared according to the above procedure. In each example, the starting rare earth element-metal-boron powder contained, in weight percent: 31% Nd+3% Dy, 1.1% boron and the balance was iron. The variable in each example is the partial pressure of hydrogen used to treat the compacted sample.

EXAMPLE 1

In the first example, the process was conducted using a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure 4×10 ^-5Torr. The resulting hydrogen concentration in the magnets before exposure to air was 0.1 at % (atomic percent.) The results of the treatment with hydrogen at a partial pressure of 4×10 ^-5Torr are set forth in Table 1. Furthermore, the average weight gain of the magnet after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.015 g/cm ².

TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Coercive Maximum Residual Force Energy Product Induction Hc Hci BH Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
HN-1 11.85 9.58 15.86 30.94 0.1 at %
HN-2 11.42 10.1 16.02 30.21 0.1 at %
HN-3 11.60 9.96 14.63 30.44 0.1 at %
HN-4 11.25 9.42 15.94 30.35 0.1 at %
HN-5 12.09 9.85 16.43 31.76 0.1 at %
______________________________________

EXAMPLE 2

In the second example, the samples were subjected to a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure of 0.5 Torr. As set forth in Table 2, the hydrogen concentration in the magnets of the second example, before exposure to air, ranged from 0.41-0.54 at % (atomic percent). Furthermore, the average weight gain after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.0009 g/cm ².

TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Hc Hci Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) BH (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
H5-1 12.72 10.65 14.44 34.12 0.41 at %
H5-2 12.45 10.81 15.33 34.02 0.49 at %
H5-3 12.41 10.65 15.03 35.11 0.52 at %
H5-4 12.72 10.89 14.19 36.24 0.54 at %
H5-5 12.68 10.12 14.83 35.12 0.51 at %
______________________________________

EXAMPLE 3

In the third example, the samples were subjected to a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure of 0.75 Torr. As set forth in Table 3, the hydrogen concentration on the magnets before exposure to air ranged from 0.78-0.88 at % (atomic percent). Furthermore, the average weight gain after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.0011 g/cm ².

TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Hc Hci Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) BH (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
H10-1 13.64 12.25 13.82 42.22 0.85 at %
H10-2 13.78 12.44 13.66 44.88 0.79 at %
H10-3 13.66 12.28 14.01 42.39 0.86 at %
H10-4 13.48 12.03 14.23 32.81 0.78 at %
H10-5 13.71 12.41 14.11 45.01 0.88 at %
______________________________________

EXAMPLE 4

In the fourth example, the samples were subjected to a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure of 1.1 Torr. As set forth in Table 4, the hydrogen concentration on the magnets before exposure to air ranged from 1.20-1.29 at % (atomic percent). Furthermore, the average weight gain after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.0025 g/cm ².

TABLE 4 ______________________________________ Hc Hci Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) BH (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
H14-1 12.84 11.44 14.01 35.86 1.29 at %
H14-2 12.78 11.25 13.98 35.54 1.21 at %
H14-3 12.81 11.64 14.12 36.39 1.20 at %
H14-4 12.89 11.36 15.11 36.95 1.29 at %
H14-5 12.92 11.51 14.98 37.02 1.22 at %
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EXAMPLE 5

In the fifth example, the samples were subjected to a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure of 1.5 Torr. As set forth in Table 5, the hydrogen concentration on the magnets before exposure to air ranged from 1.94-2.02 at % (atomic percent). Furthermore, the average weight gain after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.0032 g/cm ².

TABLE 5 ______________________________________ Hc Hci Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) BH (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
H60-1 11.65 9.44 16.05 29.85 1.98 at %
H60-2 11.04 9.56 15.86 29.84 2.02 at %
H60-3 11.84 9.88 16.19 30.04 1.98 at %
H60-4 11.25 9.76 15.94 29.05 1.99 at %
H60-5 11.93 10.08 16.25 30.80 1.94 at %
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EXAMPLE 6

In the fifth example, the samples were subjected to a hydrogen containing gas having a partial pressure of 5 Torr. As set forth in Table 6, the hydrogen concentration on the magnets before exposure to air ranged from 17.98-18.12 at % (atomic percent). Furthermore, the average weight gain after exposure to a relative humidity of 95% at 85° C. for 500 hours was 0.0051 g/cm ².

TABLE 6 ______________________________________ Hc Hci Number Br (kG) (kOe) (kOe) BH (MGOe) Hydrogen ______________________________________
H80-1 6.44 4.84 6.84 9.12 18.02 at %
H80-2 7.25 5.25 7.18 12.1 18.11 at %
H80-3 6.99 5.12 6.83 11.24 18.00 at %
H80-4 6.77 4.12 6.04 9.88 17.98 at %
H80-5 6.45 5.03 7.22 8.11 18.12 at %
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As can be seen from the foregoing data, the increase in hydrogen in the rare earth element-metal-hydrogen-boron magnet material according to the process of the present invention results in increased magnetic properties and improved corrosion resistance.

Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully illustrate our invention that others may, by applying current for future knowledge, adopt the same for use under various conditions.

MRI Philadelphia